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\begin{document}

\title{The ideas and functions of free UNIX-like software}
\author{Tor Stefan H. Lura \\ \texttt{torstefan@gmail.com}}
 
\begin{frame}
	\titlepage
\end{frame}

\section{Introduction}
\subsection{Some words..}
  \begin{frame}
	\huge First I would like to say..
  \end{frame}
  \begin{frame}
			\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=10cm]{Flying_tank}
	
			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}

  \end{frame}

	\begin{frame}
	\frametitle{Lulz!}
				\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=8cm]{lulz}
	
			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}
	\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Hope you will find it..}
			\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=6cm]{interesting}
	
			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}
\end{frame}

	\subsection{Outline}
	\begin{frame}
	\frametitle{Outline}
		\begin{columns}
		  \begin{column}{6cm}
		\begin{itemize}
		    \item Abstract
				\begin{itemize}
				    \item What is it all about?
				    \item Core values
				    \item The way of thoughts
				    \item Bringing the thoughts to life
									\begin{itemize}
							   	 \item Licence
							   	 \item Implementations of UNIX-like OS
									\end{itemize}
				\end{itemize}
		\end{itemize}

		  \end{column}
		\pause
		  \begin{column}{6cm}
		\begin{itemize}
		    \item Concrete
				\begin{itemize}
				    \item The parts
				    \item Training the daemons
				    \item Help! The daemons are biting!
				    \item Finally.. The juicy stuff!
							\begin{itemize}
							    \item Live - pfSense Firewall
							    \item Live - Asteriks PBX
							\end{itemize}

				\end{itemize}
		\end{itemize}
		  \end{column}
		\end{columns}

	
	\end{frame}
  
  \section{Abstract}
  
  
  \subsection{What is it all about?}
\begin{frame}
\begin{center}
    \Huge What is it all about?
\end{center}
  \end{frame}

  % Data
  \begin{frame}
	\frametitle{What is it all about?}
		\begin{columns}
		 \begin{column}{5cm}
				\includegraphics[width=5cm]{cat}
		  \end{column}
		
		  \begin{column}{5cm}
				\Large Computer Science. \\What is it all about?
		  \end{column}
		\end{columns}
  \end{frame}
  
  \begin{frame}
	\frametitle{What is it all about?}
	\begin{center}
		\oops{Data!}
	\end{center}
  \end{frame}
  
  % Finding some algorithms  
  \begin{frame}
	\frametitle{Ok, now what?}
		\begin{columns}
		 \begin{column}{5cm}
				\includegraphics[width=5cm]{cat2}
		  \end{column}
		
		  \begin{column}{5cm}
				\Large Okay... \\* We have the data. 
				\linebreak[1]
				\linebreak[1]
				 What else do we need?
		  \end{column}
		\end{columns}	
  \end{frame}
  
	\begin{frame}
		\frametitle{Algorithms!}
		\begin{center}
				\oops{Algorithms!}
		\end{center}

	\end{frame}

	\begin{frame}
		\frametitle{Nice!}
		\begin{center}
				\huge Nice! 
				\linebreak[1]
				\linebreak[1]
			\normalsize I want some algorithms!\\*Where do I get them?
		\end{center}
	\end{frame}

	\begin{frame}
		\frametitle{Cool!}
		\begin{center}
				\huge Cool! 
				\linebreak[1]
				\linebreak[1]
			\normalsize Well, you can write them your self\\*
				or\\*
				use the algorithm of someone else.
		\end{center}
	\end{frame}

	\begin{frame}
		\frametitle{How it works}
		\begin{center}
			\Huge This is how it works..
		\end{center}
	\end{frame}

  

\subsection{Core values}
 \begin{frame}
	\begin{center}
	    \Huge Core values
	\end{center}
 \end{frame}

  \begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Core values - Freedom or Control}

			\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]
			\centering
			\includegraphics[width=10cm]{val1}
			
			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}


  \end{frame}  
  
  \subsection{Way of thoughts}
  \begin{frame}
		\begin{center}
		    \Huge Way of thoughts
		\end{center}
  \end{frame}
  \begin{frame}
    \frametitle{A way of thinking - pre-thoughts}
			\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=10cm]{val2}
	
			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}
	 \end{frame}

  \begin{frame}
    \frametitle{A way of thinking - pre-thoughts}



		\begin{columns}
		  \begin{column}{5cm}
			\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=5cm]{create}
	
			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}

		  \end{column}
		
		  \begin{column}{5cm}
		\begin{center}
				\begin{itemize}
			    \item Value is the ability to create.
				 \item The delivery.
			    \item Not the creation.
			\end{itemize}   
		\end{center}
		  \end{column}
		\end{columns}



  \end{frame}

  \begin{frame}
    \frametitle{A way of thinking - post-thoughts}
		\begin{columns}
		  \begin{column}{5cm}
			\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=5cm]{gold}
	
			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}

		  \end{column}
		
		  \begin{column}{5cm}
		\begin{center}
				\begin{itemize}
			    \item Value is the creation.
			    \item Depend on a fixed amount.
			\end{itemize}   
		\end{center}
		  \end{column}
		\end{columns}




  \end{frame}
  
\subsection{Bringing thoughts to life}
\begin{frame}
\begin{center}
    \Huge Bringing thoughts to life
\end{center}
 \end{frame}

  \begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Thoughts to law - Licence}
			\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=10cm]{val3}
	
			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}

  \end{frame}

	\subsubsection{BSD Licence}
	  \begin{frame}
	    \frametitle{Thoughts to law - BSD Licence}
		\begin{columns}
		  \begin{column}{5cm}
			\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=5cm]{fbsd}
	
			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}
		  \end{column}
		
		  \begin{column}{5cm}
		\begin{itemize}
		   \item Redistribution is allowed in all forms
			\item Please retain the copyright notice on source, and binary distribution.
		\end{itemize}
		  \end{column}
		\end{columns}



			
	  \end{frame}  

	 \subsubsection{GPL}
	  \begin{frame}
	    \frametitle{Thoughts to law - GPL}

	\begin{itemize}
	   \item The freedom to use the software for any purpose,
		\item The freedom to change the software to suit your needs,
		\item The freedom to share the software with your friends and neighbors, and
		\item The freedom to share the changes you make.
	\end{itemize}

	\begin{center}
	    \ovalbox{\textcolor{red}{NB! Linking software must also be GPL.}}
	\end{center}
		

	\end{frame} 
  
   \subsubsection{Proprietary}
	  \begin{frame}
	    \frametitle{Thoughts to law - Proprietary}
		\begin{columns}
		  \begin{column}{5cm}
			\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=5cm]{tux}
	
			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}
		  \end{column}
		
		  \begin{column}{5cm}
		\begin{itemize}
    		\item With some type of restrictions
    		\item MS EULA - states that the software "is licensed, not sold"
			\item You often loose control.
		\end{itemize}
		  \end{column}
		\end{columns}



	
	  \end{frame} 
  
  
  
 
  
 \begin{frame}
	\frametitle{Thoughts implemented}
			\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=10cm]{val4}
	
			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}

  \end{frame} 
  
  \subsubsection{Operating Systems}
	  \begin{frame}
	    \frametitle{Operating Systems - The architecture }
	    
			\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=8cm]{os}	
			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}

	
	  \end{frame} 
  
  \subsubsection{*BSD}
  \begin{frame}


		\begin{columns}
		  \begin{column}{5cm}

			\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=5cm]{Business}
	
			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}



		  \end{column}
		
		  \begin{column}{5cm}

	\frametitle{BSD}
			\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=5cm]{bsd-big}
	
			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}


		  \end{column}
		\end{columns}





  \end{frame} 

  \begin{frame}
	\frametitle{BSD}
\begin{itemize}
   \item Functional and Generic UNIX, can trace it's codebase to the 60s	
	\pause
	\item No one person or corporation own BSD	
	\pause
	\item BSD systems can have notably higher performance than Linux in some areas. And Linux better then BSD in other.	
	\pause
	\item BSD systems have a good rep for stability, due to more mature code base.
	\pause
	\item BSD projects have a good rep for the quality and completness of their documentation	
	\pause
	\item The BSD license may be more attractive than the GPL.	
	\pause
	\item BSD can execute most Linux binaries, while Linux can not execute BSD binaries 
\end{itemize}

  \end{frame} 

  \begin{frame}

	\frametitle{GNU/Linux}

		\begin{columns}
		  \begin{column}{5cm}
			\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=5cm]{gnu}
	
			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}


		  \end{column}
		
		  \begin{column}{5cm}
			\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=5cm]{gl}
	
			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}


		  \end{column}
		\end{columns}


  \end{frame}   
  \subsubsection{GNU/Linux}
  \begin{frame}
	\frametitle{GNU/Linux}
\begin{itemize}
    \item GNU - Gnu not UNIX started by Richard Stallman at MIT in 1983	
	\pause
	\item GNU is the system-tools.	
	\pause
	\item A free software OS was achived in 1992 when the last bit was filled in by a third-party Unix-style kernel called "Linux"	
	\pause
	\item The Linux kernel, was started independently by Linus Torvalds in 1991	
	\pause
	\item The Linux kernel was developed using GCC, and other GNU tools.	
	\pause
	\item GNU also have a kernel, the GNU Hurd.	
	\pause
	\item Why is it not used then?
\end{itemize}

  \end{frame}

  \begin{frame}
	\frametitle{Proprietary}
			\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=10cm]{c}
	
			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}


  \end{frame}
  
  \subsubsection{Proprietary}
  \begin{frame}
	\frametitle{Proprietary - Cisco IOS - The Architecture}
\begin{itemize}
    \item Cisco IOS has a "monolithic" architecture; single image and all processes share the same memory space.	
	\pause
	\item No memory protection.	
	\pause
	\item \textit{run to completion} scheduler. The kernel does not pre-empt a running process. The process must make a kernel call.	
	\pause
	\item New version of Cisco IOS called IOS XR.	
	\pause
	\item IOS XR offeres modularity and memory protection between processes, lightweight threads, pre-emptive scheduling and the ability to independently re-start failed processes. 
\end{itemize}
  \end{frame}

  \begin{frame}
	\frametitle{Proprietary - Cisco IOS - The Architecture}
\begin{itemize}
	\item IOS XR uses a 3rd party real-time operating system microkernel (QNX)	
	\pause
	\item The QNX kernel contains only CPU scheduling, interprocess communication, interrupt redirection and timers.	
	\pause
	\item Rewrite the old IOS to take advantage of the features in the new kernel. And yes.. A massive undertaking.	
	\pause
	\item In 2005 introduced IOS XR on the Cisco 12000 series platform.	
	\pause
	\item Is currently also available on the Catalyst 6500 enterprise switch.	
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}


  \begin{frame}
	\frametitle{Thoughts distributed}
			\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=10cm]{val5}
	
			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}

  \end{frame}

  \begin{frame}
				\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=10cm]{dist}
	
			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}

  \end{frame}
  \begin{frame}
				\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=8cm]{72}
	\caption{UNIX 1972}
	
			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}

  \end{frame}
  \begin{frame}
				\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=6.5cm]{unix}
	
			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}

  \end{frame}
 
  \section{Concrete}
\begin{frame}
\begin{center}
    \Huge The Concrete
\end{center}
 \end{frame}


\begin{frame}
\begin{center}
   \huge Eeeyhh! Wait a miniute! \\*\normalsize Yes? \\*What's the point off all this free-source stuff. I can just go and buy some software for not much and be done with it.
\end{center}
\end{frame}



\begin{frame}
\begin{center}
    		\begin{columns}
		  \begin{column}{5cm}
			\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=5cm]{puny}
			\caption{Less tweakable}
	
			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}
		  \end{column}
		
		  \begin{column}{5cm}
			Jolly-good, yes you can. \\*But with UNIX-like systems you get to tweak, prod, and poke. 
				\linebreak[1]
				\linebreak[1]
					 Which then brings out the..
		  \end{column}
		\end{columns}
\end{center}
  \end{frame}



\begin{frame}
			\begin{center}
		\oops{POWWR!}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=8cm]{flames}
	
			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}
 \end{frame}

\begin{frame}
\begin{center}
    \Huge The Parts
\end{center}
\end{frame}
  
  \subsection{The parts}
  \begin{frame}
	\frametitle{The Parts}

			\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=5cm]{parts}
	
			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}



  \end{frame}
  \subsubsection{Kernel}
  \begin{frame}
	\frametitle{Kernel}

		\begin{columns}
		  \begin{column}{5cm}
			\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=5cm]{lkernel}
	
			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}
		  \end{column}
		
		  \begin{column}{5cm}
		\begin{itemize}
		    \item BSD
		\item GNU/Linux
		\item GNU/Hurd
		\item GNU/BSD
		\item IOS
		\item NT-Kernel
		\end{itemize}
		  \end{column}
		\end{columns}
  \end{frame}

  \subsubsection{usr}
  \begin{frame}
	\frametitle{usr - Unix System Resource }
			\begin{columns}
		  \begin{column}{5cm}
			\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=5cm]{sudo}
	
			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}

		  \end{column}
		
		  \begin{column}{5cm}
			\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=5cm]{Kernel}
	
			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}

		  \end{column}
		\end{columns}


  \end{frame}

  \subsubsection{GUI} 
 \begin{frame}
	\frametitle{GUI}
		\begin{columns}
		  \begin{column}{5cm}
			\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=5cm]{xmonad}
	
			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}
		  \end{column}
		
		  \begin{column}{5cm}

			\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=3cm]{xserver}
	
			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}
		  \end{column}
		\end{columns}
  \end{frame}

\begin{frame}
\begin{center}
    			\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=8cm]{d1}
	
			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}
\end{center}
  \end{frame}

\begin{frame}
\begin{center}
    			\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=8cm]{d2}
	
			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}
\end{center}
  \end{frame}
\begin{frame}
    			\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=8cm]{d3}
	
			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}

  \end{frame}

  \subsubsection{Applications}
  % Daemons
  % Interactive
  % 
  \begin{frame}
	\frametitle{User-land applications}
  \end{frame}

\subsection{Training the daemons}
\begin{frame}
\begin{center}
    \Huge Training the daemons
\end{center}
  \end{frame}
  \begin{frame}
	\frametitle{Training the daemons - The work methodology}
		\begin{columns}
		  \begin{column}{5cm}
			\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=3cm]{ghost}
	
			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}

		  \end{column}
		
		  \begin{column}{5cm}
		A bit of work..\\*

		\begin{itemize}
		    \item Bring it to life.
			\item Instruct it.
			\item Feed it.
			\item Appreciate it.
			\item Listen to it.
		\end{itemize}
		  \end{column}
		\end{columns}
  \end{frame}

\subsubsection{Conjure it to life}
% repository 
% compiling
 \begin{frame}
	\frametitle{Conjure it to life}
		\begin{columns}
		  \begin{column}{5cm}
			\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=5cm]{spell-book}	
			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}
		  \end{column}
		
		  \begin{column}{5cm}
			\begin{enumerate}
			    \item Package manager - Pre-conjured
						\begin{itemize}
						    \item Debian - apt-get
						    \item Fedora - yum
						    \item Arch - pacman
						    \item *BSD - pkg\textunderscore add  
						\end{itemize}
				\item Compile it from source
						\begin{itemize}
						    \item *BSD - ports
						    \item Find source-code.
						    \item configure
						    \item make
						    \item make install
						\end{itemize}
			\end{enumerate}
		  \end{column}
		\end{columns}
 \end{frame}

\subsubsection{Instructing}
% configure
  \begin{frame}
	\frametitle{Instructing}
		\begin{columns}
		  \begin{column}{3.5cm}
			\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=3.5cm]{DemonWarrior}
				\caption{The ancient and feared; NAMED daemon}
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}
		  \end{column}
		
		  \begin{column}{5cm}
The daemons take their orders from:
					\begin{itemize}
					    \item The commandline as post-cmd options
					    \item *.conf files
					    \item Stored usually in /etc/
					    \item NB! Jailed daemons take their conf relative to jail
					    \item Often used conf files:
								\begin{itemize}
								    \item \textasciitilde /.xinit
								    \item \textasciitilde /.bashrc
									\item /etc/X11/xorg.conf
									\item /etc/apt/sources.list
								\end{itemize}
					\end{itemize}


		  \end{column}
		\end{columns}





  \end{frame}
\subsubsection{Feeding}
% Data in
  \begin{frame}
	\frametitle{Feeding}

		\begin{columns}
		  \begin{column}{3cm}

			\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=3cm]{cute}
				\caption{TFTPD is happy}
			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}
		  \end{column}
		
		  \begin{column}{7.5cm}
	Fed daemons are happy daemons. \\*They mostly expect their data to come from:
		\begin{itemize}
		    \item Sockets; TCP or UDP
				\begin{itemize}
				    \item The older/bigger daemons are fuzzy about their ports.
				    \item Try and place something else than NAMED on port UDP/53, and see what happens.
				\end{itemize}
		    \item Files
					\begin{itemize}
					    \item HTTPD is happy if it finds its files in /var/www, and grumbles if it can't have TCP/80.
					\end{itemize}
		\end{itemize}


		  \end{column}
		\end{columns}

  \end{frame}

\subsubsection{Appreciating}
% Data out
  \begin{frame}
	\frametitle{Appreciating}
		\begin{columns}
		  \begin{column}{3cm}
			\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]
			\includegraphics[width=3cm]{happy}
				\caption{SYSLOGD when you look at its work}			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}
		  \end{column}
		
		  \begin{column}{7cm}
			\begin{itemize}
			    \item The Daemons are conjured to serve you as ROOT/ADMIN.(Even NAMED)
			    \item But they do appreciate if you take a look at their work. 
			    \item SYSLOGD gets especially happy if you look at its work in /var/log
			\end{itemize}
		  \end{column}
		\end{columns}
  \end{frame}


\subsubsection{Listing}
% Debug, log files
  \begin{frame}
	\frametitle{Listing}

		\begin{columns}
		  \begin{column}{5cm}
			\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=5cm]{Sad}
			\caption{DHCPD is sad. No one listened to it, and the network crashed}
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}

		  \end{column}
		
		  \begin{column}{5cm}

			\begin{itemize}
			    \item SYSLOGD is the friend of everybody. And yes, even NAMED, they are both of the ancient.
			    \item Most of the time you the ROOT is not around.
			    \item So they instead goto SYSLOGD and it notes down the daemons complaints, and other issues.
			\end{itemize}
		  \end{column}
		\end{columns}
  \end{frame}

\subsection{Help! The daemons are biting!}
\begin{frame}
\begin{center}
    \Huge Help! The daemons are biting!
\end{center}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
\begin{center}
    Okay, if the daemons starts to bite. Remember:
\end{center}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
\begin{center}
\oops{DON'T PANIC!!}
\end{center}
\end{frame}

% man, --help, readme
% Ask a fellow trainer
% IRC
% online forum
% mailing lists
  \begin{frame}
	\frametitle{Getting help}

		\begin{columns}
		  \begin{column}{5cm}
			\begin{center}
			    \begin{figure}[t]

			\includegraphics[width=3.5cm]{uber}
		\caption{One of this are always around to help (Y)}
	
			
			\end{figure}
			\end{center}


		  \end{column}
		
		  \begin{column}{5cm}
				\Large \textbf{Help is around the corner!}
				\begin{itemize}
				    \item man, --help, readme
				\item online forum
				\item ask a local ROOT
				\item irc @ freenode.net
				\item post to online forum
				\item mailing lists
				\end{itemize}

		  \end{column}
		\end{columns}



  \end{frame}

\subsection{Finally.. The juicy stuff!}

\begin{frame}
\begin{center}
    \Huge Finally.. The juicy stuff!
\end{center}
  \end{frame}

  \begin{frame}
	\frametitle{Live demo}
  \end{frame}
\subsubsection{pfSense}
  \begin{frame}
	\frametitle{pfSense}
  \end{frame}
\subsubsection{Asterisk}
  \begin{frame}
	\frametitle{Asterisk}
  \end{frame}
  
% etc
\end{document}
